Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a condition in which bone tissue is deprived of blood supply, gradually damaging bone and cartilage cells. Over time, the bone structure weakens, which can lead to subchondral fracture, collapse of the femoral head, and ultimately loss of hip joint function.
About 80% of cases occur in men, with an average age of 40–50. However, in recent years, the condition has increasingly affected younger people, appearing even in those in their 30s. Patients who do not receive timely intervention may face a high risk of limited mobility later on.
Causes of avascular necrosis of the femoral head
The causes of avascular necrosis of the femoral head can be related to both traumatic and non-traumatic factors:
Trauma: Femoral neck fractures or hip dislocations can damage the bone's blood vessel system, leading to ischemia and necrosis.
Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and prolonged corticosteroid use: These cause metabolic disorders and affect blood circulation within the bone.
Chronic conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or blood clotting disorders.
Notably, certain groups who work under conditions of changing pressure, such as divers or heavy laborers, or those living in high mountain regions, often have a higher risk of the condition.
Warning signs
In the early stage, avascular necrosis of the femoral head usually has no clear symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients begin to notice signs such as:
Dull pain in the hip area, which may radiate to the thigh or buttock.
The pain typically increases with activity or prolonged standing and decreases with rest.
Limited hip joint movement (difficulty rotating, abducting the leg, or squatting).
In the later stage, patients will experience continuous pain even at rest, difficulty walking, and may even develop a limp, significantly affecting daily activities.
Treatment methods
According to the recommendation of the Orthopedic Trauma Specialist at HIU Hospital:
"Patients need to proactively have health check-ups early as soon as they experience pain or after sustaining an injury. Treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head depends on the stage at which the disease is detected and the extent of damage.
Initially, patients may be prescribed conservative treatment with medication combined with physical therapy to relieve pain, improve joint function, and slow disease progression.
In cases where the femoral head has already collapsed and the hip joint has severely degenerated, hip replacement surgery is the optimal solution to restore the patient's mobility."
At HIU Hospital, the Orthopedic Trauma Department is a key specialty in the examination and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. With:
An experienced team of doctors with deep expertise in surgery.
A modern system of equipment supporting diagnosis and treatment.
Sterile operating rooms ensuring safety.
The hospital aims to develop an appropriate treatment plan for each patient while also focusing on post-intervention care and rehabilitation, helping patients return to normal life as soon as possible.