Causes
The causes of trigger finger may include:
Genetics: Some people have a higher risk of developing the condition due to genetic factors.
Chronic conditions: Certain chronic conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or hyperthyroidism can increase the risk.
Injury: Injury to the hand can increase the risk of developing the condition.
Overuse: Overusing the hand, such as in activities like sewing, playing sports, or using a computer, can increase the risk.
Symptoms
Symptoms of trigger finger usually appear suddenly, but can also develop gradually. Common symptoms include:
Pain: Pain usually occurs at the base of the finger, especially at the metacarpophalangeal joint. Pain may increase when the finger is bent or straightened.
Swelling: Swelling may appear at the base of the finger, especially at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Difficulty bending the finger: The finger gets stuck in a bent position and is hard to straighten. When straightened, the finger may make a clicking or popping sound.
Diagnosis
Doctors will rely on medical history, clinical examination, and ultrasound to diagnose the condition.
During the examination, the doctor will ask the patient about symptoms, medical history, and occupation. The doctor will also examine the hand, especially the metacarpophalangeal joint, to look for signs of the condition.
Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging method that can help the doctor determine the condition of the flexor tendon of the finger.
Treatment
Treatment for trigger finger may include:
Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment is usually applied for mild to moderate cases, or for congenital cases in children. Conservative treatment methods include:
Cold compress: Cold compresses can help reduce pain and swelling.
Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medication: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medication can help reduce pain and inflammation.
Splinting: Splinting can help limit finger movement, allowing the flexor tendon to rest and recover.
Corticosteroid injection: Corticosteroid injections can help reduce inflammation and improve symptoms.
Surgical treatment
Surgical treatment is usually applied for severe cases or cases that do not improve after conservative treatment. Surgical methods include:
Open surgery: Open surgery is performed by making a small incision at the base of the finger, after which the doctor removes part of the A1 pulley to release the flexor tendon.
Endoscopic A1 pulley release surgery: Endoscopic A1 pulley release surgery is performed using a small tube with a camera and surgical instruments at the tip. This method can help reduce pain and shorten recovery time.
Post-treatment care
After treatment, patients need to rest and limit finger movement to allow the flexor tendon time to recover. Doctors may prescribe pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medication to help reduce pain and inflammation. If the patient has undergone surgery, follow-up should be done exactly as directed by the doctor.