1. Definition
Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition in which the contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, which may or may not be accompanied by regurgitation or vomiting. This phenomenon is often physiological, but when it persists or causes uncomfortable symptoms, it can even lead to complications.
2. Recognizable symptoms
2.1. Digestive symptoms
Vomiting
Vomiting blood (due to esophagitis)
Abdominal pain
Difficulty swallowing, acid reflux, heartburn, pain behind the sternum
Tooth erosion
2.2. Non-digestive symptoms
Ear, nose, and throat: Persistent wheezing, laryngitis
Respiratory: Prolonged cough, nighttime cough, episodes of apnea
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia episodes, fainting episodes
Neurological: Sleep disturbances, anxiety
Anemia, malnutrition
Early recognition of symptoms is important for effectively controlling and treating the condition. If these signs appear frequently or worsen, patients should visit a medical facility for examination and consultation.
3. Complications
If not treated promptly, gastroesophageal reflux can lead to numerous serious complications such as:
Esophageal stricture
Esophagitis and esophageal ulcers
Respiratory tract inflammation
Barrett's esophagus
Esophageal cancer
4. Paraclinical tests
To accurately determine the condition of gastroesophageal reflux, doctors may order several paraclinical tests, such as:
Upper gastrointestinal contrast imaging
24-hour esophageal pH monitoring
Impedance testing
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Abdominal ultrasound
5. Treatment and prevention
5.1. Treatment goals
Reduce symptoms
Support normal development in children
Heal areas of inflammation
Prevent respiratory symptoms
Prevent other complications
5.2. Medication treatment
Over-the-counter medications: Help neutralize acid, reduce acid production, block acid, and heal the esophagus
Prescription medications:
H2 receptor antagonists (Anti-H2)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI)
5.3. Non-medication measures
Elevate the head, lie on the left side
Divide feedings into smaller, more frequent portions
Thicken milk/formula
Avoid obesity
Avoid stimulants (coffee, spicy foods, chocolate, etc.)
Avoid overly tight clothing or abdominal binding
Do not lie down right after eating
Burp the infant after feeding, before laying them down
Ensure a well-ventilated environment, avoid cigarette smoke
Effectively treat cough and constipation symptoms
Patients should maintain a healthy lifestyle, combine it with a reasonable diet, and follow their doctor's instructions. If any abnormal signs appear, do not take them lightly — see a doctor right away to protect your long-term health.